Civil Engineering and the Future of Infrastructure – Teacher Answers

Teacher answer key

1. Warm-up: answers will vary.
2. Vocabulary: accept accurate contextual meanings.
3. Reading comprehension: 1) Older structures may carry heavier loads or have ageing materials and leaks. 2) It can bring heavier rainfall, flooding, stronger storms and sea-level rise. 3) Examples: flexible joints, stronger materials, improved drainage. 4) Drones inspect; sensors monitor; digital models test ideas. 5) To create safe, efficient, adaptable systems.
4. Grammar: 1) that / which; 2) that / which; 3) that / which; 4) where
5. Listening script: “Before repairing an old bridge, engineers collect detailed information. They inspect concrete and steel, measure movement, and study traffic loads. They may also install sensors so they can compare changes over time before deciding whether to repair, strengthen or replace the structure.”
   Answers: 1) Concrete and steel. 2) Movement and traffic loads. 3) To compare changes over time. 4) Repair, strengthen or replace the bridge.
6. Speaking: answers will vary.
7. Something fun: answers will vary.
8. Writing: answers will vary. Encourage students to use details from the lesson and accurate target language.

Puzzle/Game: answers will vary. Encourage students to use lesson vocabulary and explain their choices.

Success criteria: this is a student self-check. No single answer is required.

For open-ended tasks, accept different answers when students can explain or support them clearly.