English Drills
Home › Classic Literature › If—

If—

A poem about calm, courage and character by Rudyard Kipling

B150–60 minutesClassic LiteraturePrintable
Teacher lesson: Read the poem aloud once, then let students read it quietly. Accept thoughtful interpretations when students support them with evidence. Teacher answers are stored separately.
Teacher AnswersClassic Literature
1 Lesson Goals
Illustration for If—

By the end of this lesson, I will be able to:

  • understand the poem’s central message.
  • learn and use important vocabulary.
  • explain poetic techniques with evidence.
Start here: Read the title and look at the picture. What ideas or feelings do you expect?
2 Read the Poem

If—
Rudyard Kipling

If you can keep your head when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you,
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance for their doubting too;
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,
Or being lied about, don’t deal in lies,
Or being hated, don’t give way to hating,
And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise:

If you can dream—and not make dreams your master;
If you can think—and not make thoughts your aim;
If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster
And treat those two impostors just the same;
If you can bear to hear the truth you’ve spoken
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,
Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,
And stoop and build ’em up with worn-out tools:

If you can make one heap of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,
And lose, and start again at your beginnings
And never breathe a word about your loss;
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew
To serve your turn long after they are gone,
And so hold on when there is nothing in you
Except the Will which says to them: ‘Hold on!’

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,
Or walk with Kings—nor lose the common touch,
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,
If all men count with you, but none too much;
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run,
Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,
And—which is more—you’ll be a Man, my son!

3 Vocabulary

Study the words in context, then cover the meanings and test a partner.

1. keep your head — remain calm
2. allowance — understanding that someone may have a reason
3. impostors — people or things pretending to be what they are not
4. knaves — dishonest people
5. sinew — physical strength
6. virtue — good moral character

Use two words in your own sentences.

4 Check Your Understanding
  1. What should a person do when others panic?
  2. How should the reader respond to doubt, lies and hatred?
  3. Why are Triumph and Disaster called impostors?
  4. What does the poem say about losing everything?
  5. What might the “unforgiving minute” represent?
  6. Which piece of advice is most useful today? Why?
5 Language & Poetry

Notice how the poet creates meaning.

  1. The repeated word “If” — repetition / anaphora
  2. Triumph and Disaster — personification
  3. keep your head — idiom
  4. sixty seconds’ worth of distance run — metaphor

Language practice: Complete with can, when, but, if: 1) ___ you can wait… 2) Keep calm ___ others panic. 3) Trust yourself, ___ listen to reasonable doubt. 4) You ___ begin again after a loss.

6 Think & Speak

Discuss and support your ideas with words from the poem.

  • Which quality does the speaker value most?
  • Can confidence and humility exist together?
  • Is all of the advice realistic?
  • How would you rewrite one line for life today?
Evidence challenge: Choose one interpretation. Find two words or lines that support it.
7 Use Your English

Write 100–120 words: advice to your future self; a time you stayed calm; or a modern extra stanza beginning with “If you can…”

8 Puzzle or Game
Class activity

Advice Auction: Give each group 100 imaginary points. Read six pieces of advice from the poem. Groups bid most on the advice they consider most valuable, then justify their choice.

Record your best idea or explanation:

9 Success Criteria ✓

Tick each statement when you can do it.

  • I can explain three pieces of advice.
  • I can use three new expressions.
  • I can identify two poetic techniques.
  • I can give a supported opinion.

One idea I will remember:

10 Show What You Can Do

Plan: Note the situation, central idea, two useful quotations and one poetic technique.

Respond: Write 6–8 sentences, or prepare a 45-second spoken response. Explain which qualities the poem presents as signs of maturity and whether you agree.

Reflect: Underline the evidence that best supports your explanation.